Application of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System in Buildings

Building PV systems can be divided into two categories: building addition PV systems and building integrated PV systems

Building addition PV systems install PV systems on the roof or exterior walls of the building, with the building serving as the carrier for the photovoltaic components and providing structural support. The PV system itself is not a structural component of the building, meaning that the building can still function normally after the PV system is removed.

Building integrated PV systems refer to the integration of PV systems with buildings, where the photovoltaic components become an integral part of the building structure. Examples include integrating photovoltaic components with the roof, curtain walls, photovoltaic tiles, and shading devices. If the PV system is removed, the building itself cannot function normally. To make photovoltaic components into building materials, several conditions required by building materials have to be met, such as durability, insulation, waterproof and dustproof properties, appropriate strength and rigidity, etc. Building integrated PV systems represent a higher application of building PV systems. The photovoltaic components not only become building materials but also generate electricity, achieving a two-fold benefit that partially offsets the cost of the PV system, which is favorable for its promotion.

Several forms of building photovoltaic applications are as follows

Integration of PV systems components with building roofs 

Since the roof of the building is the direct sunlight area with the longest sunlight hours and the highest solar radiation intensity, installing PV modules on the roof can make the best use of solar energy; the integrated design of PV modules and the roof can reduce the impact of wind on PV modules in high-rise buildings; PV module materials absorb solar energy and roofs do not need heat insulation materials. Therefore, the use of large area photovoltaic modules integrated with the building roof not only saves costs, but also beautifies the building and makes more effective use of the composite function of the roof.

Solar tile is another form of integration of photovoltaic modules with the roof. It can be laid directly on the roof like a tile, without the need to install any brackets. The innovation of solar tile is to make the PV system and the building roof become one, reaching the real building integration.

Integration of PV systems components with the wall

In addition to the roof, the most contact with the sunlight of the building is the external wall. Various wall structures and materials can be used to arrange photovoltaic modules on the building's exterior walls to make reasonable use of the sunlight received by the exterior walls. This not only can use solar power generation, but also can effectively reduce the temperature of the building wall, reduce the building indoor air conditioning cold load.

PV systems curtain wall

Photovoltaic curtain wall integrates photovoltaic modules into the glass curtain wall, breaking through the single maintenance function of traditional glass curtain wall, and converting the sunlight, which is shielded from the surface of the building as a harmful factor, into electricity to be used by human beings, while this composite material does not take up more floor space and makes the building more beautiful.

Integration of PV systems components with shading devices

The integration of photovoltaic modules and shading devices is a reasonable use of solar energy without affecting the aesthetics of the building, which truly realizes the design concept of building energy saving and environmental protection. It can be applied in general buildings and parking lots.

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