Grid-connected solar PV is actually a power generation system that uses solar energy to generate electricity, and uses grid-connected inverters and other related equipment to convert the DC electricity generated by solar modules into AC electricity that meets the requirements of the utility grid and can be used directly by users, and is eventually connected to the public grid. Generally speaking, solar power generation can be divided into two types: photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation, while solar PV grid-connected power generation system is one of the photovoltaic power generation. At the same time, because the electricity generated by the power generation system can be directly transmitted to the grid, the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system can be used not only as a centralized large power station, as a national power station into the unified power dispatch, but also as a decentralized small power generation system applied to public buildings, residential communities and other fields, which makes the application of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system is very wide, the promotion is also relatively easy. This makes the application of grid-connected power generation system very wide and easy to promote.
In addition, from the perspective of the principle, the grid-connected solar PV system mainly uses the photovoltaic effect, thus converting solar radiation energy into electricity. The converted electricity will be transmitted to the grid through the inverter.
Rencently, there are more categories of solar PV grid-connected power generation systems. From the perspective of system function, we can classify PV grid-connected power generation systems into dispatchable power generation systems and non-dispatchable power generation systems, the difference between the two is that dispatchable power generation systems have a battery pack, which can store the power generated by the power generation system in the battery and decide whether to connect to the grid or use it alone in a closed-circuit system according to actual demand. It can be connected to the grid or used separately in a closed-circuit system according to actual needs, and can also customize the grid power and system operation time, while non-dispatchable power generation systems can only be connected to the grid directly or used separately. In addition, the non-dispatchable power generation system can be divided into several types of power generation systems, including counter-current power generation system, non-counter-current power generation system and switching power generation system, among which counter-current power generation system refers to the power generation system that can supply power to and from the grid. This ensures the stability of power supply and avoids the waste of power. A non-current generation system does not supply power to the grid, and the power generated by it only supplies the internal load, but in case of shortage of power, the grid can still supply power to the load instead of the generation system.
Compared with the counter-current power generation system and the non-counter-current power generation system, the switchover power generation system is more flexible, and there are two kinds of power generation systems: grid power supply and separate power supply. When there is a power outage or power restriction, the system will switch back to stand-alone operation and be powered by the grid-connected solar power photovoltaic system alone. These different types of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems have different advantages but also have certain limitations, so they are often used in different fields. For example, the dispatchable grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system has an energy storage device, so it is mainly used for the power supply system of emergency loads, while the non-counter-current power supply system is mostly used for the air conditioning system of independent buildings such as factories, office buildings and libraries.
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